Therefore, this report aims to assess three main objectives: (i) to describe the association of soluble cellular adhesion molecules including, sICAM-1 (soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1), sVCAM-1 (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) as well as soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) with impaired insulin sensitivity early after pregnancy with GDM; (ii) to examine long-term trajectories of these parameters as well as (iii) their association with the later development of type 2 diabetes. Here, VCAM1 is linked to gestational diabetes.