Being on HAART for <6 months (HR: 4.48, 95% C: 3.0–6.56) and 6–12 months (HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.60–3.47) compared to no HAART was associated with an elevated risk of mortality in the urban participants after adjusting for CD4 count, employment, smoking, and TB history. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.