Myostatin and its receptors, type IIA and IIB activin Rc, have become prominent targets for the development of therapeutic inhibitors (37), with the potential for use in muscle dysfunction associated with T2DM and sarcopenic patients (now in phase II-III clinical trials, see http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=myostatin&Search=Search). This evidence concerns the gene MSTN and type 2 diabetes mellitus.