FMR1 and fragile X syndrome: FMRP is important for learning and memory, and its absence is associated with the characteristic features of FXS, including intellectual disability, cognitive impairments and behavioral problems, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), seizure, in addition to hyper-responsiveness to sensory stimuli, hyperactivity, impulsive behavior, gaze aversion and shyness (Hull and Hagerman, 1993; Hagerman, 2002; Smith et al., 2012; Schneider et al., 2013; Ballinger et al., 2014; Machalicek et al., 2014; Maurin et al., 2014; Thurman et al., 2014).