A number of these genes have been previously shown to be methylated in PCa, including transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2), transcription factor AP-2 beta (TFAP2B), T-box 2 (TBX2), tescalcin (TESC), and desmocollin 3 (DSC3). This evidence concerns the gene DSC3 and posterior cortical atrophy.