VCAM1 and posterior cortical atrophy: We found that p38 inhibitor or siRNA reduced OBCM- or WISP-1-induced cell migration and VCAM-1 expression (Fig. 4C–H), suggesting that the FAK and p38 pathways are involved in osteoblast-derived WISP-1-mediated migration and VCAM-1 expression in human PCa.