FMO5 and neurodegenerative disease: That these enzymes may have an important role in seizure-induced ROS generation is suggested by two observations: (1) NMDA receptors have a pivotal role in seizure-induced neuronal damage15 and (2) direct pharmacologic activation of NMDA receptors can activate NADPH oxidase, increasing free radical production and consequently neuronal death.5,16,17 There is also burgeoning evidence of a role for NADPH oxidase activation in chronic brain pathology secondary to psychosocial stress, which leads to the development of neuropathologic alterations, and also in neurodegenerative disease.18,19