TSC1 and cancer: Genes showing a 2-fold overexpression in both the benign oncocytoma-like regions and high-grade oncocytic carcinoma regions included several notable genes such as VHL, HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1), cMET, and TSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1), which are cancer genes involved in renal cell carcinoma (Table 2).