EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Gefitinib (Iressa) is an oral selective epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) nowadays approved for the first line treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the presence of EGFR gene mutations and also for NSCLC patients without activating mutations in further lines of treatment, on the basis of three pivotal phase III trials [1,2,3,4], more recently supported by further randomized controlled trials on naive patients harboring EGFR mutations [5,6].