Nevertheless, compared with other models, our model had a higher AUC (0.789 vs. 0.73 and 0.759 respectively) and higher predictive accuracy based on PSA alone (0.223 vs. 0.11 and 0.182 respectively), which indicated that our model is more reliable and could identify more patients with a high risk for prostate cancer as shown in Table 4. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.