TNF and cancer: When compared with the use of nbDMARDs, starting of TNF-α antagonists was associated with a significantly reduced risk of cancer (adjusted HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.49, 0.80, P <0.0001), after adjusting for age, gender, disease duration, number of hospital visits, prior use of DMARDs, prior use of systemic corticosteroids, and presence of diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or chronic liver disease (Table 3).