In a recent meta-analysis of 11 general population studies comprising of 90,750 participants, there was a more consistent linear association between reduced eGFR derived from CKD-EPI cystatin C and CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equations and increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality for all eGFR values below 85 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared with CKD-EPI creatinine equation, well above the threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for the detection of CKD with CKD-EPI creatinine-based eGFR [12]. This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and chronic kidney disease.