RAI with ATL thus seem to attenuate the severity of SAP and the inflammatory response via induction of the expression of HO-1, down-regulating the activation of NF-κB, thereby reducing the generation of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and decreasing the expression of ICAM-1 and PECAM-1. Here, ICAM1 is linked to right atrial isomerism.