In PPROM, structural and mechanical tissue damage-related functions (IGF1, IL1A, TNF, TNFRSF1B) and weak autoimmune component (ACE, ANG, CSF1 (includes EG:12977), IL1A, IL6R, MMP1 (includes EG:300339), MMP10, NOS2, TNF, TNFRSF1B) are identified (Table S4). Here, TNFRSF1B is linked to preterm premature rupture of the membranes.