ALDH2 and Parkinson disease: Recent studies in humans demonstrated that exposures to ALDH-inhibiting pesticides were associated with 2- to 6-fold increases in PD risk and, importantly, the genetic variant of ALDH2*2 exacerbated PD risk in subjects exposed to ALDH-inhibiting pesticides (Fitzmaurice et al., 2013, Fitzmaurice et al., 2014).