In order to test the effect of nucleolin and Ras inhibition on ErbB1 phosphorylation in glioblastoma cells, we used two inhibitors: FTS (salirasib) [25-27], a powerful Ras inhibitor, and GroA (AS1411), an aptamer that targets cell surface nucleolin [8, 28-30]. Here, CXCL1 is linked to glioblastoma.