In this study along with our previous work, we have shown that loss of expression of obscurins, as is observed in breast cancers [23, 55], is sufficient to establish this selection bias: Cells deficient in obscurins 1) display enhanced stem-like characteristics and proliferate to form tumorspheres [23], 2) migrate and invade through the extracellular matrix [23], 3) survive in anchorage-independent conditions [22], 4) reattach to a substrate (this study), and 5) grow into metastatic tumors [23]. The gene discussed is OBSCN; the disease is breast carcinoma.