The stimulation of monocytes with 10 ng/ml histone concentration led to a significant increase in TNF-α at 6 hours and IL-8 (6 hours, 24 hours, P <0.05) while 50 μg/ml histones led to a marked increase in sepsis-associated cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1ß at 6 hours and IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1ß at 24 hours (Figure 4A-D). Here, TNF is linked to Sepsis.