In early efforts, several studies found that activation of TLR3 signal displayed anticancer properties, possibly mediated by IFNγ production and/or TLR3-induced apoptosis.33,36 Others reported that elevated TLR3 expression in breast cancer patients was associated with poor prognosis.22 These findings suggest that TLR3 has more complicated biological functions than previously understood. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and breast carcinoma.