On the contrary, no gliosis was detected in patients that were symptomatic for a shorter period of time, suggesting that the pathogenesis of CDI in Wolfram patients is characterized by a progressive three-step phase process: 1) a down-regulation of the amount of processed AVP and partial CDI, 2) a complete disappearing of processed AVP, and 3) a complete disappearance of AVP-producing cells in the hypothalamic nucleus [21]. This evidence concerns the gene AVP and clostridium difficile infection.