Regarding antigen presentation and accessory functions and in agreement with our findings, Liu et al. showed that L. major LPG is involved in the inhibition of DC maturation and IL-12 production [33]; in addition to this study, Boggiatto et al. showed that infection of BMDCs (from C3HeB mice) with amastigotes of L. amazonensis reduced the expression of CD40 and production of IL-12 [34]; furthermore, Neves et al. demonstrated that L. infantum promastigotes decreased the expression of CD40 and B7.2 (CD86), as a result of the impairment of the NF-κB signaling pathway [35]. The gene discussed is CD40; the disease is infection.