CXCL1 and infection: Due to the ability of CXCL1 to reduce the apoptotic phenotype of the HIFC neutrophils, we hypothesize that the HIF-induced CXCL1 responses are not only required for chemotaxis of neutrophils, but also partially involved in inhibiting apoptosis during infection, perhaps consistent with the known angiogenic responses autocrine CXCL1 signaling has in epithelial cells [72], [73].