In summary, in contrast to WT hnRNP A1, mutant hnRNP A1 showed markedly reduced binding to its co-receptor TPNO-1, co-localized with TDP-43 within cytoplasmic SGs of cells and caused apoptosis, indicative of the potential pathogenic nature of these disease-associated SNVs in MS patients. This evidence concerns the gene TARDBP and myeloid sarcoma.