CCL2 and keratoconus: As IFN-γ, IL-8, IL-18, and IL-4 are known as systemic inflammatory cytokines; TNF-α, IL-10, and MCP-1 relating to myokines for blood vessel; and canine KC relating to wound healing, these results suggest that liver-targeted hydrodynamic gene delivery has no effect on the systemic inflammatory response, and its impact is localized in the injection area, mainly due to vascular stretching.