Overexpression of PCGEM1 in tumor cells inhibited PARP (poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase) cleavage and delayed the induction of p53 and p21 [52], resulting in increased chemoresistance. PCGEM1 was found to bind to AR at methylated K349 and to regulate the expression of AR target genes, which stimulated tumor growth in a PCa xenograft mouse model [54]. This evidence concerns the gene AR and posterior cortical atrophy.