INS and Hyperinsulinemia: We propose that the relative hyperinsulinemia-mediated normalization of insulin sensitivity was the most likely primary effect of the transgene, which led to the increase in metabolism [as heightened insulin levels increase metabolic rate (Acheson et al., 1983, 1984; Landsberg, 1986), and that the increased metabolic flux then forced increased energy consumption to meet its increased energetic flow.