Thus, it is speculated that TGF-β or PGE2 producing tumor cells are established from tumors that survive under immune surveillance and further studies elucidating the biomarker to distinguish the TGF-β or PGE2 producing and non-producing tumors with EGFR inhibition may help us to better treat the patients with anti TGF-β antibody or COX inhibitor. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is neoplasm.