Our major findings are as follows: (1) CD44- and ALDH1-positive cells may have chemoradiation resistance, but CD133-positive cells may have chemoradiation susceptibility in pancreatic cancer; (2) CD133 and ALDH1 expressions may be useful predictors of prognosis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients who have received NACRT. This evidence concerns the gene ALDH1A1 and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.