BDNF and lung disorder: In the idiopathic congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disorder characterized by an abnormal control of respiration despite the absence of neuromuscular or lung disease or an identifiable brainstem lesion (Weese-Mayer et al., 1992), several authors have shown an important contribution of BDNF system dysfunction to the pathophysiological mechanism leading to this specific respiratory deficiency.