PARP1 and retinal degeneration: Apparently at odds with the role of PARP1 in the execution of parthanatos, both the Parp1−/− genotype and the administration of (relatively unselective) PARP inhibitors have been associated with bona fide cytoprotection in rodent models of ischemia/reperfusion injury and retinal degeneration.318, 319, 320, 321 These observations suggest that PARP1 and/or other members of the PARP family also participate in the initiation of RCD.