TGFB1 and diabetic kidney disease: Our present study established that mangiferin could provide protection against diabetic nephropathy (STZ; 65 mg/kg b.w. single dose) [54] via the reversal of the activation of PKCs, MAPKs, NF-κB as well as TGF-β1 and inhibiting both the extrinsic (mitochondrial independent) and intrinsic (mitochondrial dependent) apoptotic cell death involved in this pathophysiology.