NEDD8 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: The results showed that, as compared with intrahepatic bile duct cells which showed weak or negative expression of these molecules, high expression of NEDD8 (that represents the global conjugation of NEDD8 to substrates) was observed in 68.9% (222/322; moderate, n=92; strong, n=130) of ICC cases (Fig. 1A-B).