Activation of B cells via TLR7 signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease such as SLE, and Tlr7 deficient MRL/MpJ-Faslpr (MRL/lpr) mice do not produce anti-Smith (sm) antigen antibodies and show lessened immune activation and clinical disease [15], [27], [28]. The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is autoimmune disease.