Increased expression and activation of TLR7 and TLR9 has previously been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in BXSB and other lupus prone Yaa mice, which have a Tlr7 duplication, and in humans [9], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. Here, TLR7 is linked to systemic lupus erythematosus.