Increased expression and activation of TLR7 and TLR9 has previously been implicated in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in BXSB and other lupus prone Yaa mice, which have a Tlr7 duplication, and in humans [9], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.