GAL and alcohol dependence: In support of these rodent findings a number of studies have shown an association between alcoholism and SNPs in the genes for galanin or Gal3 receptor, but not Gal1 and Gal2 (Belfer et al., 2006; Belfer et al., 2007; Nikolova et al., 2013) and most recently, the GG haplotype has been shown to be associated with problem drinking in women (Nikolova et al., 2013).