TGFB1 and neoplasm: A recent study suggested that Th17 cells exert an anti-viral effect via activation of TGF-β and RORγt/RORα pathways.17 Furthermore, the anti-tumor effect of Th17 may be related to the CXCL2 induction which was shown to occur downstream from IL-17RA-dependent induction of IL-1β.18