The α-SMA positive HSCs were found to be significantly detectable in all stages and grades of CHC.11 It was observed that immunoexpression was more significant in lower stage of fibrosis (F≤ 2) than in high stage.8, 11 This may be because they were already activated by the virus infection, even in the absence of marked fibrosis. This evidence concerns the gene ACTA1 and cryohydrocytosis.