INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Contrary to these, one study reported higher serum concentrations of insulin in group B and an insignificant upward trend of homeostatic model assessment of insulin%20resistance (HOMA-IR) among groups B and D [2], a difference which however disappeared after matching for age and body mass index (BMI) [22]; hence it seems that higher insulin and HOMA-IR could be related to a higher prevalence of obesity in these PCOS women, rather than its phenotypes per se [20, 21, 23].