INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Intronic CDKAL1 variants rs7754840, rs7756992, and rs10946398 have been associated with variations in insulin release, pancreatic cell functions, hemoglobin A1C level, and/or response to pancreatic KATP channel agonists [8], [38], [39] as well as type 2 diabetes, GDM, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, obesity, and/or birth weight [9], [25], [26], [28].