In non-obese women, those with insulin controlled-GDM had higher protein and mRNA expression of GLUT1 when compared to non-obese diet controlled-GDM and healthy controls (protein only), as well as lower protein and mRNA expression of GLUT4 when compared to non-obese diet controlled-GDM (mRNA only) and healthy controls [84]. Here, SLC2A1 is linked to gestational diabetes.