More recently, Paco et al. (2012) studied muscle biopsies of UCMD (n = 6), other myopathy (DMD, calpain-3-deficient, Kearns–Sayre, and nemaline myopathy, n = 12), and control patients (n = 10) and found reduced expression of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 mRNAs in UCMD cases. This evidence concerns the gene FBXO32 and Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy.