PTEN and proximal spinal muscular atrophy: However, beneficial therapeutic strategies evaluated in SMA mice such as muscle-specific insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) administration, neuronal depletion of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and systemic trichostatin A administration have previously been shown to also influence glucose metabolism (Di Cola et al., 1997; Ranke, 2005; Stiles et al., 2006; Avila et al., 2007; Sun and Zhou, 2008; Ning et al., 2010; Bosch-Marce et al., 2011).