NFKB1 and Hyperglycemia: In transient hyperglycemic cell culture models, endothelial cells were stimulated by HG for 16 hours and then remained in normal glucose concentration medium, pleiotropic transcription factor NF-κB subunit P65 displayed sustained activation, and level of H3K4me1, but not H3K4me2 or H3K4me3, in the proximal promoter region of the p65 gene was increased [33, 53]; two NF-κB p65-activated inflammatory genes MCP-1 and VCAM-1 were increased and remained elevated, and transient hyperglycemia-induced p65 gene upregulation was prevented by overexpression of UCP-1, MnSOD, or GLO1.