Among lots of factors and signaling contributing to DN pathogenesis, TGF-β can play important role in the expression of fibrotic and ECM genes such as collagen 1α1 (Col1α1), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in renal cells. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.