Long-term effects of diabetes on the brain are manifested at structural, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological level, and multiple pathogenic factors appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of the cerebral dysfunctioning in diabetes, such as the hypoglycemic episodes, cerebrovascular alterations, the role of insulin in the brain, and the mechanisms of hyperglycemia induced damage [8]. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.