For instance, elevated KITLG expression contributes to the carcinogenesis of uveal melanoma 18, neurofibromatosis type 1 19, gliomagenesis 20, breast cancer 21 and non-small-cell lung cancer 22, presumably because of the c-KIT/KITLG autocrine/paracrine stimulation-loop mechanism 23,24. This evidence concerns the gene KIT and non-small cell lung carcinoma.