ANGPTL8 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: For instance, circulating levels of betatrophin in lean and non-diabetic subjects ranged from 0.3 ng/ml [22] to 45 ng/ml [50], and the levels were either increased [18,23,38] or decreased [50] in type 2 diabetes, either increased [18] or decreased [50] in obesity, either positively [18,38] or negatively [50] correlated with insulin, and either correlated with atherogenic lipid profiles [24] or with HDL-C [50] (Table 2).