In contrast, we observed significantly higher plasma levels of IL-10 (GM of 116.9 pg/ml in TB alone vs. 209.7 pg/ml in FIL/TB and 177.7 pg/ml in STR/TB) but not TGFβ (data not shown) in helminth co-infected individuals compared to TB-infected individuals. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is tuberculosis.