VWF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relative serum vWF activity was significantlyhigher in the COPD group than in the smoker group (136.7 ± 46.0% vs. 92.8 ± 34.0%;p < 0.05), as well as being significantly higher in the symptomatic COPDsubgroup than in the mildly symptomatic/asymptomatic COPD subgroup (154 ± 48% vs.119 ± 8%; p < 0.05).