VWF and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In the control, smoker, and COPD groups, there was a significant negative correlationbetween FEV1 (% of predicted) and relative serum vWF activity (r2= −0.13; p = 0.009; Figure 3), whereas there wasno correlation between FEV1 (% of predicted) and absolute vWF levels (p =0.077).