CIDEC and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In SAT, the genes expressions of CIDEC and PPAR-γ from HFD group increased gradually during developing obesity and in the late phase of obesity the expressions remained increased without showing significant change, while in the HFD+P group the pioglitazone significantly enhanced the expression of PPAR-γ which resulted in enhanced CIDEC expression correspondingly (Fig.5).