In MSA, TPPP was lost not only from the oligodendroglial peripheral processes including myelin sheaths, but also from the oligodendroglial nuclei, and accumulated in its cell body where increased immunoreactivity was also seen for two mitochondrial membrane proteins (translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane 20 [TOM20] and cytochrome C), and dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) that mediates mitochondrial fission. The gene discussed is CYCS; the disease is multiple system atrophy.