Evidence emerges that extracellular miRNA sequences can also bind to RNA-sensing receptors of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family, independently of RNAi: in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, the endosomal receptor TLR-7 was identified as a key element for mir-let-7b mediated immune-stimulation exacerbating neurodegeneration [4]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR7 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.